Today, Stirling is a busy tourist area with a university but the city was once the site of decisive medieval battles which helped shape Scotland's formation as a nation. In the 15th and 16th century, Stirling was the admin istrative capital of Scotland when the Stuarts reigned.
The most famous landmark in the area is Stirling Castle, a former royal palace imposingly situated on a massive rock in the city which traditionally guarded the main strategic north-south routes between the Highlands and south-eastern Scotland, and the east-west routes from Perth to the Clyde.
Until the 18th century, it was the most important castle in Scotland and, as such, played a part in many of the most significant episodes in Scottish history. The castle was a favourite residence of the Stuart kings and queens, and Mary, Queen of Scots, was crowned there in 1542.
Stirling is the gateway to the highlands and a major tourist attraction, helped by the success of the Mel Gibson film, 'Braveheart'.
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